Anotacija. Summary. Įvadas. Pagrindinės laivo charakteristikos. Laivo propulsinės charakteristikos. Laivo jėgainė. Gaisro gesinimo sistema. Kovos su vandeniu avarinis inventorius. Trumpas laivo reiso užduoties aprašymas. Resursų reiso vykdymui apskaičiavimai. Eigos variklio parametrų skaičiavimas. Reikalingo reisui kuro apskaičiavimas. Laive naudojamo kuro charakteristikos. Reikalingas reisui tepalo apskaičiavimas. Laive naudojamo tepalo charakteristikos. Papildoma informacija, bei atsargos reisui. Reiso dokumentacijos paruošimas. Reiso vykdymo aprašymas. Užduotyje nurodyto gedimo diagnostika, remontas. Aplinkos apsaugos reikalavimų vykdymas. Reiso ekonominių rodiklių įvertinimas. Priemonės ir rekomendacijos laivo ekonominių rodiklių pagerinimui. Išvados.

Mechanika  Diplominiai darbai   (58 psl., 9,04 MB)

Siekdama produktyvumo, organizacija turi sukurti ir išlaikyti griežtą vidinę dermę ir sanderme su aplinka. Tai gali būti pasiekiama veiksmingu strateginiu planavimu, pagrįstu aplinkos veiksnių kitimo krypties ir laiko bei pačios organizacijos elgesio aiškiu supratimu. Verslo organizacija, siekdama sėkmės, turi sugebėti nuolat atsižvelgti į besikeičiančią aplinką. Ji privalo numatyti išorinių veiksnių poveikį ir užimti tokią pozicija, kad palankių galimybių dėka įgautų pranašumą ir išvengtų grėsmių, susijusių su aplinkos permainomis.

Administravimas  Kursiniai darbai   (34 psl., 57,33 kB)

ĮVADAS „Vienintelė tiesa – darbas, pasaulis taps tuo, kuo jį pavers darbas“ (Zolia E. 217 p.,) Žmogus savo darbu sukuria produktą, atlieka paslaugas, atranda naujus, tobulina esamus gamybos procesus. Be darbo nebūtų ir žmogaus, kuriančio savo gyvenimo sąlygas. Per žmonijos gyvavimo istoriją keitėsi darbo pobūdis ir sąlygos. Kylant mokslo ir technikos pažangai, žmogaus darbas darosi sudėtingas, lengvėja, tačiau reikalauja geresnių specialybinių žinių. Senovėje žmonių darbas buvo primityvus, dabar - dažniausiai mechanizuotas ir automatizuotas. Dirbančiųjų darbo užmokestis yra svarbiausias pajamų šaltinis, tiesiogiai veikiantis jų gyvenimo lygį. Todėl atlyginimas už darbą turi būti ne tik teisingas, bet ir svarus. Kodėl susidaro darbo užmokesčio skirtumai? Darbo užmokestį, t. y. darbo vertę, kaip ir kitas vertes, nulemia visuminiai paklausos ir pasiūlos dėsniai. Darbo užmokestis stabilizuojasi, kai darbo paklausa ir jo pasiūla pasiekia pusiausvyrą. Paklausos (t.y. darbo paslaugų pirkėjų – darbdavių) požiūriu darbo užmokestį nulemia ribinis darbo našumas. Kiekvieno papildomo vieneto, įtraukiamo į kokios nors rūšies gamybą, duodamas pajamos arba jo našumas po tam tikro momento ima mažėti, ir tai palyginama su mažėjančio ribinio naudingumo dėsniu. Pasiūlos (t. y. darbo pardavėjų – samdomų darbuotojų) požiūriu, egzistuoja minimalus užmokesčio lygis, su kurio darbuotojas sutinka Šis minimumas išreiškia darbuotojo įprastinio gyvenimo lygio standarto išlaikymo kaštus, t. y. vertę visų būtinų gyvenimo reikmenų, patogumų ir pramogos dalykų, kuriais naudotis jis įpratęs ir kurių jis, atsiribodamas nuo trumpalaikių nukrypimų, reikalaus sau laisvos konkurencijos sąlygomis. Darbo užmokesčio dydis išreiškia darbo vertę, kuri yra mainų proporcijos išraiška, o ne prigimtinė to daikto savybė. Vertę teisingai galima suprasti tik paklausos ir pasiūlos sąveikos lygmeniu. (Martinkus B., Žilinskas V., Ekonomikos pagrindai, 217 p., 233 p.,) 1. DARBAS Darbu būtų galima pavadinti kiekvieną žmogaus sąmoningą veiklą, nukreiptą į tam tikrą tikslą, kurio siekiant vartojama fizinė ir protinė energija. Darbas skiriasi nuo žaidimų ir pasilinksminimų tuo, kad jis yra tik priemonė, o ne tikslas save patenkinti. D a r b u (labour / work) vadiname žmonių pastangas reikalingas prekėms gaminti ir paslaugoms atlikti. D a r b o i š t e k l i a i (human/ labour resources) – tai fiziniai ir protiniai žmonių sugebėjimai, kuriuos galima panaudoti ekonominėje veikloje. Šis terminas reiškia žmoniškąjį išteklių, t. y. žmogaus protinį sugebėjimą, reikalingą prekių ir paslaugų gamybai. Kiekvienas žmogus turi dirbti pagal savo galimybes, sugebėjimus. Žmogaus darbo įgūdžiai ir pomėgiai formuojasi nuo pat gyvenimo pražios ir turi išlikti visą gyvenimą. Žmogui skiriami darbai priklausomai nuo amžiaus. Žmogaus gamybinė veikla prasideda tada, kai jis įsigyja specialybę ir pradeda kokią nors gamybinę veiklą. Darbas skirstomas į protinį (mental/ brain), ir fizinį (manuoal labour/ physical work). Toks darbo skirstymas yra istoriškai susiformavęs, plačiai paplitęs, tačiau labai sąlygiškas.

Ekonomika  Referatai   (37,84 kB)

There were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face, on the throne of England; there were a king with a large jaw and a queen with a fair face, on the throne of France. In both countries it was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State preserves of loaves and fishes, that things in general were settled for ever. It was the year of Our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five. Spiritual revelations were conceded to England at that favoured period, as at this. Mrs. Southcott had recently attained her five-and-twentieth blessed birthday, of whom a prophetic private in the Life Guards had heralded the sublime appearance by announcing that arrangements were made for the swallowing up of London and Westminster. Even the Cock-lane ghost had been laid only a round dozen of years, after rapping out its messages, as the spirits of this very year last past (supernaturally deficient in originality) rapped out theirs. Mere messages in the earthly order of events had lately come to the English Crown and People, from a congress of British subjects in America: which, strange to relate, have proved more important to the human race than any communications yet received through any of the chickens of the Cock-lane brood. France, less favoured on the whole as to matters spiritual than her sister of the shield and trident, rolled with exceeding smoothness down hill, making paper money and spending it. Under the guidance of her Christian pastors, she entertained herself, besides, with such humane achievements as sentencing a youth to have his hands cut off, his tongue torn out with pincers, and his body burned alive, because he had not kneeled down in the rain to do honour to a dirty procession of monks which passed within his view, at a distance of some fifty or sixty yards. It is likely enough that, rooted in the woods of France and Norway, there were growing trees, when that sufferer was put to death, already marked by the Woodman, Fate, to come down and be sawn into boards, to make a certain movable framework with a sack and a knife in it, terrible in history. It is likely enough that in the rough outhouses of some tillers of the heavy lands adjacent to Paris, there were sheltered from the weather that very day, rude carts, bespattered with rustic mire, snuffed about by pigs, and roosted in by poultry, which the Farmer, Death, had already set apart to be his tumbrils of the Revolution. But that Woodman and that Farmer, though they work unceasingly, work silently and no one heard them as they went about with muffled tread: the rather, forasmuch as to entertain any suspicion that they were awake, was to be atheistical and traitorous. In England, there was scarcely an amount of order and protection to justify much national boasting. Daring burglaries by armed men, and highway robberies, took place in the capital itself every night; families were publicly cautioned not to go out of town without removing their furniture to upholsterers' warehouses for security; the highwayman in the dark was a City tradesman in the light, and, being recognised and challenged by his fellow-tradesman whom he stopped in his character of "the Captain," gallantly shot him through the head and rode away; the mail was waylaid by seven robbers, and the guard shot three dead, and then got shot dead himself by the other four, "in consequence of the failure of his ammunition:" after which the mail was robbed in peace; that magnificent potentate, the Lord Mayor of London, was made to stand and deliver on Turnham Green, by one highwayman, who despoiled the illustrious creature in sight of all his retinue; prisoners in London gaols fought battles with their turkeys, and the majesty of the law fired blunderbusses in among them, loaded with rounds of shot and ball; thieves snipped off diamond crosses from the necks of noble lords at Court drawing-rooms; musketeers went into St. Giles's, to search for contraband goods, and the mob fired on the musketeers, and the musketeers fir on the mob, and nobody thought any of these occurrences much out of the common way. In the midst of them, the hangman, ever busy and ever worse than useless, was in constant requisition; now, stringing up long rows of miscellaneous criminals; now, hanging a housebreaker on Saturday who had been taken on Tuesday; now, burning people in the hand at Newgate by the dozen, and now burning pamphlets at the door of Westminster Hall; to-day, taking the life of an atrocious murderer, and to-morrow of a wretched pilferer who had robbed a farmer's boy of sixpence. All these things, and a thousand like them, came to pass in and close upon the dear old year one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five. Environed by them, while the Woodman and the Farmer worked unheeded, those two of the large jaws, and those other two of the plain and the fair faces, trod with stir enough, and carried their divine rights with a high hand. Thus did the year one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five conduct their Greatnesses, and myriads of small creatures- the creatures of this chronicle among the rest- along the roads that lay before them.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (295,02 kB)

In case I have a possibility to choose computer programmer's, lawyer's or teacher's profession, I am absolutely decided to choose teacher's profession when I was in nineth form. There are many reasons why I chose this profession. Firstly, I think that teacher's profession is very creative, as you can take place with your students in interesting competitions, create original things and interesting ways to help your students to learn difficult lessons. Secondly, being a teacher means that you allways are in the centre of young people, and it makes you feel young and energetic. Thirdly, this kind of profession makes you to feel interested in the whole world and events, which are happening around us.And one more, but not the least thing why I chose teacher's profession is that teacher is one of the most important people in human's life. Teacher helps us to learn many important things, to get better prepared for the future and to decide about some important things as future's career. In terms of skills and character, I must say that every profession needs different skills and character. If you are going to be a computer programmer, you have to be intelligent, in order to understand computer's technology, hard-working, as it sometimes takes a long time to learn things about computers, and persitent, as computer programmer can not give up and allways must finish what he starts. Talking about skills, computer programmer must have habit of work with computer and foreign language habit. What about lawyer's profession, I must say that he must be accurate, as he should not make mistakes in his work, should be fair and give all the evidence equal consideration, as well intelligent, in order to understand all laws. As a matter of fact, lawyer must have laws understanding and foreign language habits. In case you are going to be a teacher, you need to be very patient, as students sometimes take a long time to learn things, friendly, even when you are talking with rude students, as well as creative, so that you can make students interested in yur lessons. As I know, teacher must have foreign language and some other habits. As I said earlier, when i was in nineth form, I decided to choose teacher's profession. To be more specific, I decided to become an English language teacher, as I like English very much. All in all, I must say that decision about future's profession is very important. On this decision depends our future and hapiness.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (3,62 kB)

What is more, it is a very big family. There are five children and they all are very nice. So I work here as a nanny. Sometimes I tidy rooms, because children always make a mess. Their mother and father are sweet to me too. They do not give me too much work. In their free time, I go with them to the cinema or theatre. I am having a very good time here.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (2,81 kB)

One of my favourite thing is poetry which helps me to understand the outside world, brings to my mind the strength of the human spirit, the beauty of man. Poetry helps me to educate myself. When I have some spare time I create poems too. I’m going to publish my creative work in the future. But I know I must work very hard if I want to charm my readers. I wont to appeal to people’s hearts & minds of people, to their feeling & ideals. I’m also interested in architecture so I like to visit the places where I can see how people lived in the past, old buildings, castles. I like Gediminas castle, which foundation is guarded by the “Iron wolf” legend, in Vilnius. The vaults Of Vilnius cathedral attract me too. The castle of Grand Duke Kęstutis in Trakai admires me very much. If you want to visit the places of interest you have to travel. And I like travelling with my family during our holidays & on weekends. We visit a lot of places in the countryside by our bikes. I think biking is even better than riding in a car because you can follow narrow trails in the fields & in the woods where there are no roads. I like ride a bike because I can hear birds sing, listen to the sounds of nature & enjoy the fresh air then. I’m interested in photography too. I always take my camera with me when I’m on holiday. I keep a photograph record of family events. I like to correspond. I have a lot of pen-friends in all over the world. I have a pen-friend in Greece & I have been corresponding for 3 years. I like listen to the radio. My favourite radio station is “Radio centras” . In my opinion this station is for people of all ages, interests & tastes. I like listening comments & discussions on current affairs, interviews with various people. I like different kind of music. The programs of “Radio centras” are followed by music, & that’s why it interests me. TV is very popular in my life. I like to watch TV in the evenings. Entertainment programs are my favourite. I like : “Šou bulvaras”, “Dviračio Šou”, “Taip & Ne”. Very often I watch films too. I don’t go to the cinema because today we can see a lot of interesting films at home. Today cinema attendance fall because many people have video recorders at home. But I like to go to the theatre because it helps me to get back my energy. It’s one of the ways of getting out of depression. In my opinion entertainment makes our life more beautiful.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (4,02 kB)

A small number of scientists investigate ESP and other parapsychological phenomena systematically. Joseph Banks Rhine began pioneering work on ESP under carefully controlled conditions more than 50 years ago. For many observations he used a special deck of 25 cards: 5 cards of each of 5 symbols. For parapsychological studies the cards were often shuffled mechanically. Then the participant was given 25 “trials”. In studies of telepathy, the scientist chose a card and looked at it before the subject “guessed” the symbol. In research on clairvoyance, the investigator selected a card and placed it facedown on the table without looking at it. Then the participant “guessed” the symbol. For work on precognition, the subject “guessed” the symbol that would appear before the experimenter selected the card. While the number of hits among people who perform well is typically small (7 out of 25), some subjects do surprisingly well. Spontaneity and trancelike states seem to increase the magnitude of ESP effects. People who believe that ESP exists make slightly higher scores on laboratory tests than skeptics do. In the public’s mind the evidence for ESP consists primarily of personal experiences and anecdotes. Such evidence is unpersuasive in science because it suffers from many problems: 1.The replication problem is acute because most such evidence consists of one-time occurrences (for example a woman announces a premonition that she will win the lottery that day-and she does). There is no way to evaluate it because it is not repeatable. 2.The problem of inadequate controls and safeguards is decisive because such incidents occur under unexpected and ambiguously specified conditions. There is no way of ruling out such alternative interpretations as chance, faulty memories, and deliberate deception. 3.and finally the file-drawer problem is also fatal. The lottery winner who announced ahead of time that she would win is prominently featured in the news. But the thousands of others with similar premonitions who did not win are never heard from; they remain in the file-drawers. It is true that the probability of this woman’s winning the lottery was very low. But the critical criterion in evaluating this case is not the probability that she would win, but the probability that anyone of the thousands who thought they would win would do so. That probability is much higher. The same reasoning applies to precognitive dreams. We tend to forget our dreams unless and until an event happens to remind us of them. We thus have no way of evaluating how often we might have dreamed of similar unlikely events that did not occur. We fill our database with positive instances and unknowingly exclude the negative instances. Extraordinariness is a matter of degree. Telepathy seems less extraordinary to most of us than precognition cause we are already familiar with the invisible transmission of information through space. Precognition seems more extraordinary because we have no familiar phenomena in which info flaws backward in time. National polls find that about ½ of all adult Americans believe in ESP. Psychologists are a particularly skeptical group.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (4,37 kB)

. In high school, you couldn’t do that much as a freshman. You really didn’t know what to expect coming from middle school, just that it was a new place to learn. Following the rules was a necessity. If you didn’t get in good with a couple of teachers, the rest of your high school years could be treacherous. Although, if you could get through your freshman year, the other three are a breeze. During your sophomore through senior year, you had made friends with most teachers and could get by with almost anything. If you were in any class with that certain teacher, she would probably let you do favors for her to get you out of class. She would also let you go do things you needed to do, always giving you a good grade, and you didn’t even have to show up to class most of the time. I thought high school was the easiest part of my school days. College is a totally different atmosphere. You still have the same freedom you had in high school, but you don’t have to go to class if you don’t want to. The disadvantage is, you can’t make up any work you missed either. In high school, if you missed three or four days you got the same amount of time to make it up. Here at Maple Woods, there are very few sports you can get into. I think the only sports they have are baseball and softball. In high school, you can get into any sport you can think of. Another thing is that you don’t have to be on time, or stay the whole time. You can get up and leave at anytime you want. The reason for that is, you are paying for your credits, if you don’t pass you don’t get the credit. That is a waste of money, and no one likes to waste money. I prefer college, because you get to make your schedule. You can come in as early as eight in the morning, and leave as late as eight at night. It makes it much more convenient for those who work forty or more hours a week. Even though I prefer college now, I still think high school was the best years of your life.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (2,93 kB)

Even in the same nation children rights were equally respected, and violated. For example in ancient Egypt one of the pharaohs ordered to kill all male, new-born Jewish children, because he thought, that the Jewish (Hebrew) people became more powerful than they, Egyptians were. According to the Bible, he said unto his people: Behold, the people of Israel Are more and mightier than we. And he said, when ye do the office Of a midwife to the Hebrew women, And see then upon the stools; If it be a son, then ye shall kill him: But if it be a daughter then she shall live. Of course, it was the roughest breaking of children rights. But in the same country, almost at the same time, small - aged prince Tuthanchathon sat on the throne. His aunt wanted to occupy the throne herself , that means to break his , as pharaoh's child's and throne heir's, rights, but this time child's rights defence worked really strongly , because Tuthanchathon was an Egyptian , not Jewish child , and , of course , pharaoh's son. The same kind of violation of children rights was in Sparta - they killed children too, but this time - for another reason. From five years age Spartans took their male children to the military trainings. And if a child was too weak for such trainings, they killed him. It’s a strict breaking of child's rights, because children can't chose, what physical or mental shape will they born. But the times were changing, so the attitude towards children rights was changing too. Masive and cruel children’s killing was stopped. Of course, that doesn't mean, that the violation of child's rights was stopped too. For example in Middle-ages in Europe parents could hand over their just - born children to abbeys , could chose them any profession they want or even to set up a marriage without asking them. Also children often had to work very hardly, and at work they had to keep up equally with adults, otherwise they were punished. But after some hundreds years passed , that kind of kind of child's neglect had vanished too , and step by step children were admitted to the circle of all people , who have full rights. Despite of such relief, children rights and their defence remains a unsolved problem. Now-a-days our civilization has reached very high levels, but it can't deal with it .We still have lots of situations, where child's rights are neglected. One of them has occurred and continues to worry world's society in China. It's linked with the number of people, who live in China, because that number increases, and already has reached more than 1.2 billion! So, in that country all families, that have underage children, must pay additional taxes. That badly worsens social situation of such families, so parents can't support their children as good as they require .Other countries are indignant at such situation. In Saudi Arabia the government even pays more then $ 20.000 to the mothers, who born children, because they respect child's rights and want the children of their country to live happily. The Constitutions of many countries contain some points about child's rights. Lithuanian Constitution has such points too .For example they say , that :" Government takes care about families , what raise up their children at home , while they are underage ". That shows that Lithuania respects child's rights too. So, we've travelled through the history from ancient times to our days. You should've mentioned that I've missed one thing, which from time to time occurred and died out during the human civilizations history. It's war. War is the exception from all rules, because it has no rules. During a war there's just one right - the right of the strongest - he can do whatever he wants, not respecting other rights, even child's rights. The best example is the Balkan war, where from illnesses, hunger and aggression die children. The United Nations Organization is really concerned about that. They proved that by establishing a fund, which is called “Help Children of Sarajevo” As you see, when wars occur, all the success that was reached during thousands of years in child’s rights protection vanishes. But when wars die out, those rights regain their former respect, that’s why wars are just rude exceptions, which can't stop the whole process. We think that history goes the right way, because there are more and more laws, confirming child's rights in lots of countries. And we are happy about the development of those laws, because living in good circumstances lets us to become freer, more intelligent and educated generation.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (5,38 kB)

Sobel was uneducated; however, he read a lot: “He had once asked him, Sobel, why you read so much? And the assistant could not answer him. Did you ever study in a college someplace? He had asked, but Sobel shook his head. He read, he said, to know”. As we can see, he was not educated at any college or university, but he educated himself by reading books. From the line 116 the narrator directly presents Sobel’s appearance: “He was a stocky man, poorly dressed, with a bald head that had once been blond, a severely plain face and soft blue eyes prone to tears over the sad books he read”. We also know the exact age of Sobel: “So what has my daughter to do with a shoemaker thirty – five years old who works for me?” At the end of the story, in line 326, Mr. Feld did an conclusion and presented Sobel’s appearance in two words: “She will never marry a man so old and ugly like you”. The characters’ qualities are presented indirectly through Sobel’s actions. Sobel is hard working assistant. There are many scenes in this short story where we can see Sobel working. Even the beginning is about his hard work: “He gave him a look, but Sobel’s bald head was bent over the last as he worked and he didn’t notice”. We can notice that he is not a materialist as he does not ask better wage: “Yet his conscience bothered him for not insisting that the assistant accept a better wage than he was getting, though Feld had honestly told him he could earn a handsome salary if he worked elsewhere, or maybe opened a place of his own”. However, in line 306 the real reason of his hard working appears: “‘Why do your think I worked so long for you?’ Sobel cried out.’ For the stingy wages I sacrificed five years of my life so you could have to eat and drink and where to sleep?’ ‘Then for what?’ shouted the shoemaker. ‘For Miriam’ he blurted – ‘for her.’ These lines show us that Sobel loves shoemaker’s daughter Miriam. Also, Sobel managed to combine his hard work with his hobby which is reading. But reading for Sobel was not only a hobby, but also the way that he could tell his feelings to Miriam and effect her feelings as well: “ In some devious way, with his books and commentary, Sobel had given Miriam to understand that he loved her.” The last lines from 349 – 358 show us that Sobel was sure about his love, and his love was so strong that he decided to wait two years more: “But the next morning, when the shoemaker arrived, heavy – hearted, to open the store, he saw he needn’t have come, for his assistant was already seated at the last, pounding leather for his love.” One more Sobel’s character’s feature is that he is trustworthy. That we can see in line 126: “Feld could trust him with anything and did, frequently going home after as hour or two at the store, leaving all the money in the till, knowing Sobel would guard every cent of it.” To sum it up, from this character sketch of Sobel we can see that Sobel was hard working, reading a lot and loving. And that love was so important for him that he even could wait for that love as long as he had to.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (4,04 kB)

Speciality The new thing that this store has is minimal inventory. Most probably many have said this before but they all still work under the old idea that all the records have to physically be in the store when the customers want to buy them. By taking the model of Apple's iTunes Store and moving it out of the home and onto the streets we can achieve a much lower inventory than is possible with a traditional musicstore. All the music would be stored on computer drives in full quality and when the customer wants to buy an album he simply requests it from the salesman who burns the album on a cd which the customer then takes with him. With this comes a much higher computer cost but that is more than balanced out by less inventory and less requirements for the store's size plus we get the added bonus of a potentially strong online presence. The stock-reducing feature of this store can be described so that no cd´s will be bought from the publishers except those that have already been sold. It would work similar to when one orders a cd from a traditional music store. The process then is that they put in an order for that particular cd which is then sent to them in the next shipment. Since they already can sell it when it comes to the store no cost of stock needs to be accredited to that particular cd and it will not degrade in value, as it remains unsold in the store. Market In all probability it will be easier to get smaller independent labels to accept this new arrangement since they are often less concerned about piracy and illegal distribution of their music. When Apple introduced its online record store with the possibility of burning song to cd it may have broken the ice for big publishers who may see this opportunity for what it really is, a big chance for them to regain some control over music distribution. According to the financial calculations presented in Appendix C we need to sell 22 cd's per day 30 days a month to get just above the break even point. That should be a reachable goal as we see with the following logic. For a store in central Reykjavik we can assume that the market size is 1800 customers. That is 10% of the population between 15 and 30. So in order to reach the breakeven point every customer needs to buy 4.4 cd’s per year, a goal that is easily within reach considering usual spending habits of young people in Iceland. A threat to this is of course the Internet and illegal downloads of music. Market size is furthermore considered under three circumstances, low, medium and high with the sales numbers 10, 40 and 100 respectively. The probability for each demand is 0.6, 0.3 and 0.1. A great factor in why low market size is thought to be most probable is the Internet and the still growing popularity of illegal downloads. Setup For a breakdown and projection of Setup cost see Appendix A. The setup for such a store is more like what one would expect from an ISP rather than a record store because servers and large data storage facilities will be prominent factors of the startup cost. Another aspect is the cost expected to be needed to ensure proper license agreements with publishers. That amount is expected to be needed for travel expenses and other costs excluding legal expenses that will arise from negotiating with the publishers about this new form of sales. Legal expenses are marked as a special cost category because of the difference in tax issues between these two factors in Iceland. Special programs will be needed in the modern store while traditional stock and bookkeeping software can be used in the traditional store. Among this special software is cd burning software, server maintenance and control as well as possible software to report sales of cd´s to the publishers but that will depend on the deals made with them, i.e. if they want secure data directly from the computer system without human interaction or if they simply want a report based on honesty for their billing purposes. In the financial calculation it has been assumed that just about all startup expenses will be covered by loans and that those loans will be fully repaid in three years. This is done to provide a horizon for the comparison. Operating Cost Operating cost projections are presented in Appendix B Operating cost for the two stores is calculated without considering inflation because it is not customary to consider inflation in such calculations. It is assumed that any change in costs will be carried directly into the prices and therefor effectively negating all consequences. The expected sale used in Replenishment of stock is 10% of the stock. This is below the breakeven point but since the breakeven analysis with NPV uses the sales as a variable this has no effect on that. The main objective with the operating cost sheet is to get a rough idea of what forms the operating expenses and approximate the amount. Legal expenses and publishing are assumed to be evenly distributed over the period while in fact they would be discrete and uneven amounts. For this preliminary analysis the even distribution is accurate enough. Payments of loans are expected to be every three months and the interest rate is 6% per year. The payments are assumed to be equal payments. Break Even Analysis When NPV is calculated it is assumed that the business is worthless at the end of three years and therefor we get no return at the end of that period. Interest rate is set to approximately 25% per year or exactly 2% per month. This interest rate is our interest demand, that is the interest we expect to be able to get if we invest differently. When establishing the Break Even point NPV analysis is used with the Goal seek option in Excel. The NPV is set to 0 and Goal seek adjusts the sales to find the corresponding amount. This is different from finding the breakeven for individual months or the sum of the period in general because this takes into account the possible earning of the money if it was invested differently. The Break Even analysis is presented in Appendix C. Results After examining the numbers we see that the modern store has a definite advantage over the traditional approach. By arranging the decision matrix and using the Maximax or MiniMax methods to determine the best possibility we get the same results, the modern store has better potential than the traditional one with regards to the NPV calculations. Furthermore if we use Expected Return, that is multiply the probabilities and return and then taking the maximum of that we get the same result. In the market section we saw a logical induction for the market share reaching and probably overtaking the breakeven point of 22cd's for modern store. The breakeven for a traditional is 59cd's and that amount we can not expect without a high demand which is considered improbable. Recommendations It is necessary before making any commitments regarding the store to first look for further information about the Apple deal. That information might be found on Internet rumor pages or magazines and newspapers covering the iTunes store. What we need to find out is any conditions that publishers put forth and the problems encountered on the way as well as how much Apple needs to pay the publishers for every song they sell, that should establish a baseline for the prices because it is unlikely that a small store like this would get a better deal than an industry giant with a phenomenal track record. A market analysis needs to be conducted. It can be as simple as sitting outside a competing record store and counting the number of people coming out of it with a bag in their hand or it can be a full third party analysis of the market. But making some kind of market research is important for further establishing the estimates of market size. With respect to the expected market size it is needed to determine the amount of cd writing equipment is needed. This is a variable with no counterpart in the traditional store but the potential of being quite expensive depending on the expectations of the stores client with regard to speed of service. It is necessary to examine many possible solutions ranging from cheap personal cd writers to more advanced professional equipment. Another such issue is the servers that store the music. They need to be able to store large amounts of data and need to serve all the data to the cd writers when it is requested. That should actually not be a big problem since modern servers have a very high bandwidth. Another issue that needs to be considered is the financial aspect. It is not very wise to finance the preparation expenses with loans, one should rather try to get venture capital or finance it in other ways. A loan can be a big burden to bear if it turns out that publishers are not willing to allow this form of store but the venture capital would simply be lost without much consequence. With venture capital the control of the store is in lost to some extent but that could be more feasible than to be stuck with payments of a loan that generated zero income.

Anglų kalba  Referatai   (46,53 kB)

More and more people are beginning to open new business ventures (sumanymas). It seems like it is becoming the popular move. By opening a business there could be big profit(nauda)to be made, depending(atsizvelgiant) on the market. On the other hand, there are risks(rizika). It is said that there are two reasons why people start a business. The first reason is because they have inspiration(ikvepimas) for what they believe would be a great idea and the second is from desperation(neviltis).. There are various different ways to start a business. Not all entrepreneurs(verslininkai) begin their business by the thought of an idea. There are many other ways to go about starting a business. Buying a franchise, buying an existing company, the inventions of a product are all other ways to begin a business. People often start a business in a field that they know well. Although this is true, it is important not to limit the perspectives(perspektyva) of the kind of business to open. The areas outside of your interests may just be the right opportunity(galimybe) for you, which is why it is important to explore(istirti)other areas. This paper will talk about the general ways in which to start a new business and how to go about doing it. Included will be how to get ideas to open a business, planning out the business structure, ways to get money to start the business, getting prepared(pasiruosimas), hiring(samda the staff, and getting the word out to the public. Getting ideas to Open a Business the business idea plays a critical role in the overall(apskritai) success of the business venture chosen.. There are many considerations(pamastymu) that must be thought of before determine(nulemti) the success of an enterprise, including the entrepreneur, financing and other external forces. In order to have a good business idea it should:  satisfy personal goals and interests, (patenkinti personalo tikslus ir..)  find a success place in the market,  making sure it is possible to produce the necessary quality of the product or service,  Meet or exceed your financial goals.(atitikti ar virsyti ) In order to meet all of these criteria, it is important to complete research(uzbaigti nagrinejima) on the business idea that has been chosen. Research information can be gathered(kauptas) from various different sources(saltiniu). Some of these sources being the library, looking at existing businesses, word of mouth, reading books, watching television, going to government departments, talking to university professors etc. If the research has not been completed then it more likely that the business will become a failure(bankrotas) Planning out the business structure The one basic question facing all new business owners is “what business structure is the best for me?”. There are three main types of business structures:  sole proprietorship, (private nuosavybe)  partnership,(kompanija partneryste)  corporation. All of these different structures are different and require(reikalauja) different things to make them work. The sole proprietorship is a business that has only one owner and for the purpose of his/her own profit, the partnership is a business which has two or more people and all of the workers work as co-owners(bendra nuosavybe), and the corporation is an artificial entry with obligations(netikras iejimas su isipareigojimais Ways to Get Money to Start the Business There are various different funds available for new business ventures to try and create more jobs. Entrepreneurs are more then welcome to come into economy. To get these funds the business plan has to be completed. The funds available are for many different types of people. There are special ones for immigrant entrepreneurs, women’s entrepreneurs, and young entrepreneurs. Loans(paskola) from the government are available in several different places. The loans from the Government are mostly interest free and unsecured(negarantuotas) loans. This, in comparison(palyginus) to a bank loan, is much better for the fact that there is no interest. If the only opportunity left is the bank then it is necessary to get a low interest loan. When there is the most common questions in starting a business is: “where do I start?”. The questioner below will help answer that question for new business people. This checklist (katakogas) will be the road map for starting a business. Most business owners should use this to make sure that everything is done before the opening of the store. Prepare a business plan. Prepare a marketing plan.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (6,5 kB)

About languages (apie kalbas) My native language is Lithuania. So he must know its history, grammar, literature spelling. When I was on the fourth form I began to learn the English language. From the very first days I understood that it is very difficult to learn. English, as it has different pronunciation and spelling. If you want to learn new words, grammar, how to form the sentence. It is necessary to know the history, culture, traditions of the country which language, you study. It is very difficult to learn any foreign language when you do not hear it in the street at house. The film which we see on TV are translated into native language and we can’t hear the English language. The English language is very popular in the world and what country you visit you can communicate in England. The role of the foreign languageshas inereased in the last years, as Lithuanian keeps good relations with other European countries and is going to biome a member of European Union and NATO. So every young person must think about his future and the use of the foreign language. The European Union(apie europos sąjungą) The European Union is the European supranational organization dedicated to increasing economic integration and strengthening co-operation among its member states. The European Union was established on November one, nineteen ninety three. The treaty on European Union was ratified by the twelve members of the European community. They were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. The citizen of the European Union countries received the right to immigrate From owe country to another and they got a greater freedom to live, work or study in any of the member states and there were no borders to travel from are European Union State to another. The main body of the European Union is the European Parliament, which is elected by the citizens of the European Union States. The main body works in Strasburg, but most work of its committee is done in Brussels. Finland, Austria and Sweden joined the European Union in nineteen ninety five. In this year May first day Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia will become the members of the European Union. There are seven other countries which will become the members of the European union. They are: Poland, Cheek, Cyprus, Malta, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia. About myself(apie save) My name is Justina and surname is Šaučiūnaitė. I live in Anykščiai in Stoties street No eleven. I was born on the fiveof march nineteen eighty six in Anykščiai. I am eighteen, I am the citizen of Lithuania. I am a schoolgirl and I learn in the twelve form of Antanas Baranauskas secandary school. So I am a school-leaver.I live with my family: father, mather, I have one sister and one brother. All my Familymembers are cathalics.We the memders of our family are very friendly. We celebrate all Lithuanian holidays together. My favourite group is B‘avarija. My favourite singer is Andrius Mamontovas and also every yang person has a favourite pop graup.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (17,09 kB)

Leidinyje nagrinėjama technikos objektų patikimumo sąvoka bei jo įvertinimo metodai. Objekto patikimumas įvertinamas atsižvelgiant į ypatybes. Kiekviena iš šių ypatybių – ilgaamžiškumas, negendamumas, pataisomumas, išsilaikymas – apibūdinama tam tikrais rodikliais arba charakteristikomis. Gedimo susiformavimo ir jo pašalinimo laikas yra atsitiktiniai dydžiai, todėl patikimumo charakteristikos apskaičiuojamos tikimybių teorijos ir matematinės statistikos metodais.

Mechanika  Referatai   (19 psl., 105,19 kB)

Anglų kalbos laikų lentelė.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (2 psl., 12,06 kB)

100 anglų kalbos transformacijų. Gale yra atsakymai.

Anglų kalba  Testai   (13 psl., 34,24 kB)

Turto draudimo sutarties samprata. Turto draudimo sutarties turinys. Esminės turto draudimo sutarties sąlygos. Įprastinės ir atsitiktinės turto draudimo sutarties sąlygos. Turto draudimo sutarties sudarymas ir pasibaigimas. Šiame darbe didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas turto draudimo sutarties reglamentacijai Lietuvos Respublikoje, draudimo įmonių praktikai draudimo rūšies taisyklėse nustatant turto draudimo sutarčių sąlygas, taip pat lyginamuoju aspektu bus atsižvelgiama į užsienio šalių (Anglijos, Rusijos ir Vokietijos ir kt.) patirtį. Įvadas

Teisė  Diplominiai darbai   (60 psl., 52,98 kB)

The work of ecology. Air’s pollution. Earht’s pollution. Water’s pollution. The End. Olden time’s people lived in accord with the nature. Later, when the humanity have created powerful machines, various chemical materials, learned to govern the nuclear energy, there appeared lots of ecological problems. The most important elements of our surroundings ­- air, water and soil are more and more polluted.

Anglų kalba  Referatai   (4 psl., 9,09 kB)

3D Graphics cards. Keywords: 3D graphics, acceleration, antialiasing, alphatransparency, depth cueing, fogging, mipmapping, AGP, PCI, DirectX®, OpenGL®, Glide®, texture, frame buffer. Annotation.

Informatika  Namų darbai   (3 psl., 5,31 kB)

The European Union (EU) is the European supranational organization dedicated to increasing economic integration and strengthening co-operation among its member states. At the moment EU counts countries, including Lithuania. Firstly, The European Union history established on 1 of November in 1993, when the treaty on European Union was ratified by the 12 members of the European Community.

Anglų kalba  Referatai   (3,25 kB)

The duke Gediminas who ruled in 1275-1341 built this castle. It was build after the dream of Gediminas. The duke dreamed en enormous iron wolf, who was howling very loud in the junction of the river Neris and Vilnia. The precursor predicted that in this place would grow powerful and strong town. He also added that Gediminas had to build a castle in the place where he so that wolf. Now the Gediminas castle is a historical museum. There you can find many interesting exhibits of Lithuania’s history.

Anglų kalba  Namų darbai   (2,87 kB)

• The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel and without proper regard for safety. • The resulting steam explosion and fire released about five percent of the radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere and downwind. • 30 people were killed, and there have since been up to ten deaths from thyroid cancer due to the accident. • An authoritative UN report in 2000 confirmed that there is no scientific evidence of any significant radiation-related health effects to most people exposed.

Anglų kalba  Namų darbai   (5,28 kB)

If someone were to look through your bedroom, what do you hope your possessions would convey about you? A typical teen’s room? In some respects, yes, but in many ways, my room has become an extension of my personality, interests and values. Upon entering, one would probably notice the lack of any music group, scantily clad female model, or indeed, any adornment at all on my walls. I prefer the unsoiled look of clean walls, which provide a sense of calm. However, my room is far from military precision and order;

Anglų kalba  Konspektai   (2,83 kB)

Lithuania is situated on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea and borders Latvia on the north, Belarus on the east and south, and Poland and the Kaliningrad region of Russia on the southwest. It is a country of gently rolling hills, many forests, rivers and streams, and lakes. Its principal natural resource is agricultural land. Government. Parliamentary democracy. History. The Liths, or Lithuanians, united in the 12th century under the rule of Mindaugas, who became king in 1251.

Geografija  Referatai   (9,82 kB)

All living things, plant or animal, need vitamins for health, growth, and reproduction. Yet vitamins are not a source of calories and do not contribute significantly to body mass. The plant or animal uses vitamins as tools in processes that regulate chemical activities in the organism and that use basic food elements-carbohydrates, fats, and proteins-to form tissues and to produce energy.Vitamins can be used over and over, and only tiny amounts are needed to replace those that are lost.

Anglų kalba  Referatai   (4,99 kB)

In the Beginning The story of Henry Ford is not of a prodigy entrepreneur or an overnight success. Ford grew up on a farm and might easily have remained in agriculture. But something stronger pulled at Ford's imagination: mechanics, machinery, understanding how things worked and what new possibilities lay in store. As a young boy, he took apart everything he got his hands on. He quickly became known around the neighborhood for fixing people's watches. In 1896, Ford invented the Quadricycle. It was the first "horseless carriage" that he actually built.

Anglų kalba  Namų darbai   (2,47 kB)

Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. Before the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution. During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926).

Anglų kalba  Konspektai   (3,01 kB)

Euro - disadvantages and advantages. Millenium. Vilnius – european capital of culture 2009. Politics. Olympic games. National parks.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (5 psl., 22,23 kB)

Last school year 13 percent of secondary school pupils missed lessons because of spending time in Internet cafes. To tell the truth, I was shocked when found out this information. I think that nowadays need for entertainment wins against the necessity for knowledge.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 7,76 kB)