Some people claim that the biggest influence to global warming are doing the richest industrialised countries, and pour countries , can’t make any changes. However others maintain that all, even the poorest nations are responsible for disaster which is called- global warming.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 6,32 kB)

To begin with i`d like to say that alcoholism is widely spread among young people and because of that it has become a serious national problem. Alcohol is widely used by young people. Around 90 per cent of european teenagers over the age of 14 years have tried alcohol at least once. ‘Binge drinking’, drink driving and unsafe sex can all result from the misuse of alcohol.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (2 psl., 4,75 kB)

Dialoge du žmonės kalbasi apie buto nuoma, dalinasi darbus ir t.t. Už darbą gavom po 10 su klasioku, nežinau kaip jums pasiseks :)

Anglų kalba  Namų darbai   (1 psl., 3,32 kB)

To tell the truth, I am strongly against violence on TV. Usually I ask myself why some people have tendencies toward violence. What factors cause those violent and aggressive behaviors? Among broad other reasons such as mental health, personal characteristics and economic status there is the violence in media that gives people those nonsensical ideas and inspiration. The truth about television violence and children had been shown. Studies have been carried out and all the results point to the same conclusion: violence on television affects the behavior of children who are watching it. In fact, violence on TV causes children to be increasingly violent and the effects could be life-long. Children create violence to keep themselves satisfied. The reason children are so drawn to the violence on TV today is that the characters on TV make it look fun, so children find it fun to imitate. It has been found that kids who watch more television are more likely to solve their problems with violence rather than kids who don’t. Talking about kind of scenes children shouldn’t see at all, I must say that children shouldn’t be allowed to watch killing and all others which are bloody. As I know the most violence contains television programs about daily events. I must admit that the most violence is on Lithuanian programs such as Farai, Komanda. By the way, there is saying: the more bloody film it is, the more popular it becomes. So, I think all most popular TV shows and movies are fulfilled of blood and violence as well. If somebody does not like to watch violence on TV, that doesn’t let him or her to change others opinion. We can’t forget that these films are for adults not children. It is the adults who are able to see the difference between what is real and what is false. Actually, somebody likes those action movies and TV shows that have death counts close to hundreds. They love the feeling of leaving cinema in awe of what they just saw. That shows that we have no right to take shows and movies off the TV. But I strongly believe that the time of that must be controlled. It should be shown, when it is late and all children are sleeping. To make less violence on TV can only punishment. And the best should be a huge sum of money. To sum it up, fixing this problem isn’t easy, it will never go away, and in time it will get worse. About the only way to correct this ever-growing problem is to stop it where it starts: at home. Parents should take up the responsibility to be more into what their kids watch.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (3,49 kB)

Lietuviškas maistas: tradicijų ir pokyčių sankryžoje Petras Rimantas Venskutonis Kauno technologijos universiteto (KTU) profesorius, Maisto produktų technologijos katedros vedėjas. Gimė 1953 m. Kaišiadoryse. Maisto produktų inžinieriaus technologo specialybę įgijo KTU 1976 m., Kijevo maisto pramonės institute apsigynė disertaciją 1986 m. Mokslinio darbo sritis  natūralių maisto priedų chemija ir technologija. Paskelbė per 200 mokslinių darbų. Tradicinis maistas, nacionaliniai mitybos ypatumai yra būdingi kiekvienai pasaulio valstybei, tautai ar netgi etninei grupei. Iš kitos pusės, sparčios globalizacijos, ekonominės integracijos ir gyventojų migracijos sąlygomis maistas bei mitybos įpročiai kinta. Karu su tradiciniais nacionaliniais maisto apibūdinimais vartotojų lūpose vis dažniau skamba tokie terminai, kaip “greitas maistas”, “hamburgeris”, ”pica”, “traškučiai” ir kt. Tokiems pokyčiams poveikį taip pat turi didelį mokslo ir technologijų vystymasis, žemės ūkio ir maisto pramonės industrializavimas, prekybos geografijos išsiplėtimas. Kokie pagrindiniai tradicinio lietuviško maisto atributai? Tai  tikriausiai, natūralumas, geras (pilnas, natūralus) skonis ir aromatas, labai ribotas maisto priedų naudojimas. Visi šie atributai kuria teigiamą lietuviškų maisto produktų įvaizdį. Atkūrus nepriklausomybę 1991 m., vyko spartūs pokyčiai. “Geležinės sienos” likvidavimas ir spartus integravimasis į Europos erdvę yra bene svarbiausi tokių pokyčių veiksniai. Vis tik, šiuo metu dar galime tvirtinti, kad Lietuvoje tebegaminami tradiciniai lietuviški maisto produktai. Ypač tai pasakytina apie tradicinius duonos, mėsos ir pieno gaminius. Per pastarąjį dešimtmetį vyko tiek teigiami, tiek ir neigiami maisto gamybos ir vartojimo pokyčiai. Žymiai pagerėjo padėtis maisto saugos valdymo ir užtikrinimo srityje, įdiegiamos šiuolaikiškos technologijos, plečiasi eksportas į vakarų valstybes. Vienas iš pagrindinių tradicinio lietuviškojo maisto natūralumo priešų yra įvairūs ekonominiai veiksniai. Naudojant vien tradicines, natūralias žaliavas gana sunku konkuruoti laisvojoje rinkoje, nes tokios žaliavos yra dažniausia brangios. Todėl, ypač mėsos gaminių sudėtyje, vis daugiau naudojama pigesnių netradicinių žaliavų (sojų produktų, kitos kilmės baltymų koncentratų) bei sintetinių maisto priedų (fosfatų, nitritų ir kt.). Apibendrinat galima teigti, kad Lietuvoje vyksta sudėtingi žemės ūkio, maisto pramonės, viešojo maitinimo ir mitybos pokyčiai. Reikia pripažinti, kad jie nėra tradicinio lietuviško maisto naudai. Ar lietuviškas maistas visiškai praras savo pozicijas? Parodys ateitis. Reikia tikėtis, kad geroji lietuviško maisto tradicija visada turės savo pozicijas ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir išsikovos tam tikrą nišą ir kitose valstybėse. Lithuanian food: on the crossroad of traditions and changes Petras Rimantas Venskutonis Professor of Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Head of Department of Food Technology. Born in 1953 in Kaišiadorys. Diploma of Food Engineer obtained in 1976 from KTU, PhD in 1986 from Kiev Institute of Food Industry. Research area  chemistry and technology of natural food additives. Published more that 200 research papers. Traditional food, national dietary habits are characteristic to every country, nationality or even ethnic group. On the other hand, under conditions of a rapid globalization, economical integration and migration of the population food and nutrition undergo considerable changes. Together with traditional national food attributes more and more frequently consumers use in their everyday life such terms as “fast food”, “hamburger”, “pizza”, “chips”, etc. Development of science and technology, industrialization of agriculture and food production, expansion or trade geography also cause quite rapid changes in food production and dietary habits of the population. The above-mentioned processes are also characteristic to Lithuania which has had deep national food and dietary traditions. The influence increased after reestablishment of independence in 1991. Abolishment of “iron curtain” and integration into the EU are the most important factors for all these changes. What are the most characteristic features of the Lithuanian food? Most likely, it is “naturalness”, good flavor, and limited use of food additives. Both, positive and negative changes can be observed in food production and dietary habits in Lithuania. Improvements in hygienic conditions, application of modern equipment and technologies, expansion of the market are very positive developments, while the use of non-traditional, often inferior quality raw materials, synthetic food additives can be regarded as a negative side of the story. Anyway, in the course of unavoidable changes it can be expected that good traditions of Lithuanian food will be preserved inside the country and moreover will find their niche in other places of the world.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (5,48 kB)

The person who has influenced my life the most… I am going to talk about the person who is very important for me. Is my one of oldest cousins. Her name is Asta. She is three years elder than me, so now she is studying at university to design in Vilnius. Now, she isn’t just my elder cousins. She is a sort my sister, my best friend. She doesn’t look different from other girls, but for me she is very attractive. Asta is a tall girl and slim built. She has a round face with big brown eyes and a sweet smile, her lips is thin and red, she have upturned and small nose, dark eyebrows. Asta has short, tich and bright hair. Her skin is tanned, has many small birthmarks . She is often casually dressed in a T-shirt, jacket, jeans and walkable shoe, or leisure trousers, spruce shirt and high heeled shoes. Asta is very reserved girl. She never talks about her feelings, but she is a very friendly, sincere, peaceful and happy person. She has a lot of friends and she also helps strangers. My cousins Asta is very imaginative and creative, she make sketch of clothes. Asta is persistent girl, who know what she want. One of Asta’s favourite hobbies is painting. She also greatly enjoys dancing in the club and being with her friends. Asta likes going to the cinema or traveling. I have shared many good time with her. She was and always will be a friend whom I can trust.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (3,05 kB)

This is just one out of millions stories of rape. Several books can be written describing the stories of rape and many more volumes about the feelings of the raped women. Every day newspapers are full of reports of rape. People are scared. We know the definition of rape, but very few know what a victim feels. The act of not being able to choose what you want to do with your very own body is a violation in itself. No one understands that feeling until it happens. It is like knowing that you are going to get into a car accident, seeing the other vehicle approaching, not being able to stop it, but it lasting much, much longer. We are taught that we can choose how to live, but in case of raping we can not do anyhing at all, just wait until the end: end of the act or end of life… “I know that I will never, ever be the same person again. In fact, after it happened, I asked both my daughter and my sister if I looked different. Because I have changed so much, it must be on my face”, -says a raped 49-year woman. There are many explanations of a crime, its reasons and the effects on the victim. The view towards the causes of a rape changed over centuries. But almost all theories, no matter how old are they and their authors have one common trait: they blame the criminal and emphasize that he has some psychical disorders. Actually, there is a question: who is a victim: a raped woman or a rapist. They both are victims. The impact of rape on the victims emtional health appears to be huge. Several studies have found that during the first six months after rape, women show high levels of depression, anxiety, dismay and many other indicators of emotional distress. Some women manage to cope with it, fight and repair their lives. But the rapist cannot. He is not normal. A normal man cannot do such horrible things with so sad circumstances just for such a short pleasure. S. Brownmiller, a feminist, claims that the main motive of rape is a man’s asspiration to control and predominate over woman. Psychologists support this idea and claim that a rapist had problems in communicating in early childhood and he can not have close relationship with people. He is very lonely and repulsed and that is why he wants revenge. This theory also explains why he chooses women: physically women are weaker than men and there is much more chance to suceed. Statistical data show that the majority of the rapists feel that they are of little value. That is why they want to show their strenght and choose not very self-confident, weak and young women ( the most common age is 16-25 years). I ask a victim of a rape: “Was he normal?”. She is shocked by such a stupid question: “Normal? That bastard is sick. He was not a human. He was worse than an animal”. The biological theory explains that rapists are born with the savage instincts of wild animals. A bent for aggression and other crimes is inherited and lots of evidence is found. Christiansen’s research shows that if one of the monozygotic twins is a criminal, it is predictible that the other one will be a criminal as well. One more scientifically prooved explanation is related with internal inhibitions and controls. Only very few rapists are irresponsible for their actions. But the majority of criminals do not have such internal inhibitions and values as normal people do. Psychologists assert that internal controls are not develoveloped because of deficient or deviant values of a person. It is obvious that a man with strong and right values does not even think of such a humiliation of an innocent woman and of ruining her life. Only the one who thinks that it is quite normal to take by force from a woman what in normal conditions she can give to a man, can rape and after that feel almost normally or just feel nothing. And this leads to the only conclusion- he is not like the majority, he is not normal. Psychoanalytic theory, which also says that rapists are not normal people, was developed by Zigmund Freud. He says that the Superego (or the conscience) of rapists is not strong enough to contervale the wild inborn instincts of the Id. S.Freud claims that the sexual instinct is the most powerful in people’s decisions, but the Superego manages to control it. But when the Superego is weak, man can listen to his wild instinct to satisfy the sexual wish to have sex with any woman right here and right now. This disorder is very dangerous both to that individual and for society. Freud treats such men as not normal, but curable. But rape is not just a sexual intercause, but a physical injury as well. About seventy percent of rape is combined with severe injuries. Thanks God that just a little part is followed by death. There are such sadistic rapists who keep their victims for several days, no matter wheather she has children, hwo are waiting for their mother to return home. One married woman was taken from her own home and beaten and raped for seven days. Were they normal? It is up to You to decide. A normal man is ashamed to beat a woman at all. And here four “normal” men beat and rape a married woman for several days and do not care that her baby is waiting for his sweetest mummy. What do those men get for such actions? Ten orgasms and an opportunity to train their muscles? Was it worth the trouble? They think so, because they are deviants. Some men are such devils that they rape their own children and wives- the most precious people in their lives. The worst word in the world would be too kind for them. And for rape they are inprisoned only for eight to fifteen years. But the question is why they aren’t sentenced by capital punishment. They come out of prison and rape again. Another kind of rape is so-called “date rapes”. Such rapists are deviant in few aspects: they do not understand the meaning of a very simple word “No” ; and they feel satisfaction in having sex with a woman who may be screaming, crying, trying to escape… The main difference from the simple rapists is that they rarely beat their victim. But this is not a big comfort to the victim. A rapist can be anyone: a father, a grandfather, an uncle, a neighbour, a son… It would be good if physical appearance of the rapists would differ from the appearance of normal men. But it does not. Only psychics differ greatly: the men who can rape women have very serious problems in communicating with people, feel that they are of little value, do not have internal inhibitions and controls. The rapists are not like other men- they are not normal.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (5,22 kB)

In past years few branches was opened in Eastern Europe and few more in USA (including Budapest, Rome, Viena and Amsterdam). In the same year the company’s trade mark was registered. The main marketing directors plan is to flourish (klesteti) in old contingent known as Europe and become most popular trademark among the others computer software and technics developers. Company’s driving force is research in newer PC technologies. On this depends how far it will go on in wild IT business. The management hopes to penetrate more international markets in the near future. Research management is fully in world for developing new IT technologies and upgrading old. Concentration in comptech development has enabled business to get more earnings and enrolling new shareholders for conquering the markets. As the small partnership become public limited company by the past few years,now it can enrole more financial needs for developing. In these IT times it’s the most common thing for that kind of companies to be 1st in new comptech production and researching that leads for newer markets and more business growth. Now this corporation honours agreements all over the world. Company epand from few workers to more that 1000 employers. Board of directors now manages the company with chairman who was elected to represent company in business sector. It now includes such branches as finance, marketing, production, personnel, purchasing, planning and most important research. Company’s production grows by the economical situation and consumers needs and it seems that it won’t exhaust.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (3,53 kB)

Doing business in the US could be quite different from the way it is done in your home country. The greetings, dress codes, and schedules may vary from what you are habituated to. Here are some proper approaches to conduct business in a proper way in the US: Business Dressing Every individual company sets certain standards for business outfits. Usually, as a general rule, most of the large companies and organizations require a more formal dress. Most companies have a formal dress code for their particular business. Some companies may supply uniforms for some, or all of their employees. You could check with your employer whether they have any policy on dress code and what they feel is the most appropriate outfit for your position. If you choose to wear jewelry, it should be minimum and compliment your outfit. Large, flashy jewelry is usually not appropriate for a business environment. Business hours The normal business hours are Monday through Friday, 8.30 or 9.00 a.m. to 5 or 6 pm, with a 30 to 60 minute lunch break. Punctuality Being on time is a very important rule of business etiquette. Every effort should be made to arrive on time to any scheduled meetings or appointments. If you would be late for an appointment, then a call should be made announcing the expected delay. On the other hand regularly arriving late or missing appointments would have a negative impact on your business. Greetings & Introductions It is customary for business meeting with people from outside your company to begin and end with a firm handshake. Eye contact should be maintained during the handshake and whenever someone is speaking to you. During introductions, listen carefully to the pronunciation of the persons name so that you could address properly. While introducing yourself, give your full name not just the first name. You could take help of others in your company to find out when it would be appropriate to address someone by their first name only, or whether they should be addressed in a more formal manner (i.e. Mr. Robin). Avoid using nicknames until the person permits you to do so. The appropriate way of addressing someone may depend partly on his or her position in the company. For instance, it could be acceptable if you address your coworkers by their first name but not the senior officers of the company. This is a bird's eye view of the US business culture to help you assist you for your first visit. Your employers and coworkers could be of great help for you to adjust and make your work experience enjoyable and successful.

Anglų kalba  Straipsniai   (5,02 kB)

Religios houses of retreas merge imperceptibly into disintoxication clinics and private mental homes for the victims of traffic light and nervous break-down. ‘Alcoholics Anonymous’ slink like house detectives around the literary cocktail parties. A most interesting phenomenon is the state of mind apparent in Time, Life, The New York, and similar magazines. Thus Life, with its enormous circulation, comes out with excellentry written leading articles on the death of tragedy in American literature or the meaning of suffering, and a closer acquaintance reveals them to be staffed by some of the most interesting and sensitive minds in that insensitivecity. It is easy to make fun of these three papers, but in fact they are not funny. Although they have very large circulations indeed, they only just miss being completely honourable and serious journals, in fact ‘highbrow’. The American organism is not quite healthy. It indicates how very nearly New York has achieved the ideal of a humanist society, where the best of which an artist is capable is desired by the greatest number. Thurber’s drawings, Hersey’s Hiroshima, the essays of Edmund Wilson or Mary McCarthy, Time’s anonymous reviews, show that occasionally the gap is closed; when it is closed permanenty the dreams of Santayana will be near fulfilment. But these anxiety-forming predicaments (Time-stomach is a common trouble) are for those who live in New York and have to earn they living. To the visiting non-competitive European all is unending delight. The shops, the bars, the women, the faces in the street, the excellent and innumerable restaurants, the glitter of Twenty-one, the old-world letharly of the Lafayette, the hazy view of the East River or Central Park over tea in some apartment at the magic hour when the concrete iceberg suddenly flare up; the impressionist pictures in one house, the exotic trees or bamboo furniture in another, the chick of ‘old-fashioneds’ with their little glass pestles. If Paris is the setting for a romance, New York is the perfect city in which to get over one, to get over anything. Here the lost douceur de vivre is forgotten and the intoxication of living takes its place. What is this intoxication? Firtly, health. The American diet is energy- producing. Health is not just the absence of disease, but a positive physical sensation. The European, his voice dropping a tone every day, finds himself growing stouter, balder, more extroverted and aggressive, conscious of a place in what is still, despite lip-service, a noisily masculine society. Then there is the sensation of belonging to a great nation in its present prosperous period of triumph. But, in addition to ‘feeling good,’ the Americans are actively generous and kind and it is this profusion of civilities which ravishes the visitor. What are the alternatives? We may stay on and coarsen–many English writers do-into shapely executives or Park Avenue brandy philosophrers; we can fight like Auden for privacy and isolation, or grow bitter and fitzrovian in the ‘Village atmosphere’-or we can try elsewhere. Cape Cod or Connecticut have their devotees, but these havens are the rewards of success, not its incubator. Boston, last stronghold of a leisured class, offers a select enlighternment of which a contemporary Englishman is just downright unworthy. Washington has immense charm, the streets of Georgetown with their ilexes and magnolias and little white box-house are like corners of Chelsea or Exeter, but a political nexus offers few resoyrces to the artist who is outside the administration, and the lovely surrounding, are not places in which he can hope to earn a living. Let us try California. The night place circles round La Guardia, leaves behind the icy water of the Sound and that sinister Stonehenge of economic man, the Rockefeller Center, to disappear over the Middle West. Vast rectangles of light occasionally indicate Chicago or some other well-planned city, till at six in the morning we ground in the snow of Omaha. As it grows light the snow-fields over the whole agricultural region of the Middle West grow more intricate, the Great Plais give way to the Bad Lands, poison ivy to poison oak, the sinuosities of the Platte rivers to the Hight Plais, the mountains of Wyoming, the Continental Divide. San Francisco is a city of charming people and hideous buildings, mostly erected after the earthquake in the style of 1910, with a large Chinatown in which everything is fake-except the the Chinese-with a tricky humid climate (though sunny in winter), and a maddening indecision in the vegetation-which can never decide if it belongs to the North or South and achieves a Bournemouth compromise. The site is fantastically beautiful, the orange bridge, the seven hills, the white houses, the waterside suburbs across the Golden Gate give it a lovely strangeness, the sunset view from the ‘Top of the Mark’ is unique-but the buildings lack all dignity and flavour. Yet San Francisco and its surroudings, Marin Country, Berkeley, Sauselito with its three climates, San Mateo where lemon and birch tree grow together, probably represent the most attractive all-the-year-round alternative to Europe which the worl can provide. There is some fog in winter, but generally it is sunny. The sea is there, the mountains and a bathing pool in the redwood forest. Hollywood and Los Angeles are well described by Isherwood. On the whole those who have loved the Mediterranean will not be reconciled here and those who care deeply for books can never settle down to the impermanent world of cinema. Those who do not love the cinema have no business to come. Well, maybe it does, perhaps Americans have destroyed their romantic wilderness on a grander scale than our own rodent attrition at the beauties of our countryside.

Anglų kalba  Referatai   (13,66 kB)

These people avoid being on busy streets or in crowded stores, theatres and churches. Normal activities become restricted as the person avoids these situations. Many agoraphobia victims are afraid of leaving the house. Perhaps for this reason agoraphobia is the most common phobia seen in the clinic, about 60% of all examined phobias. Agoraphobia occurs about two times more commonly among women than men. It can be connected with the fact, that Women have been and are still being stereotyped, agoraphobia has been explained in terms of traditional sex roles. Clinical descriptions of agoraphobics use such words as passive, shy, dependent, descriptions traditionally applied to women. It may be as Fodor suggests, that being agoraphobic, is in part a logical, although exaggerated, extension of the stereotyped female role. Until recently and still in many societies it has been more acceptable for a woman than for a man to be housebound. As stereotypes of womes as helpless, fragile, home-oriented, passive, fearful and dependent will change, the should be equal number of male-female agoraphobics. The disorder tends to be more common among families where other members also suffer from an anxiety disorder and/or possibly abuse alcohol. Most agoraphobia’s develop symptoms between the ages of 18 and 35. The onset may be sudden or gradual. Many agoraphobia victims develop the disorder after first suffering a series of panic attacks in public places. The attacks seem to occur randomly and without warning, making it impossible for a person to predict what situation will trigger such a reaction. Attack is accompanied with tension, anxiety, dizziness, depression, sweating, more frequent heartbeating, minor checking compulsions – checking is the door is locked, no intruder is under the bed, the iron is offf- rumination and fear of going mad. One study found that 93% of agoraphobics also reported fears of heights and enclosed spaces such as subways and elevators. But many agoraphobics have “good days”, when they can move about. Being with a trusted companion can also help them leave the house. Treatment Fortunately, phobias are very treatable. In fact, most people who seek treatment completely overcome their fears for life. Psychoanalytic approaches. Treatment tries to uncover the repressed conflict, that are thought to be covered in the extreme fear and avoidance. Phobia is thought to protect the person from repressed conflicts that are too painful to face it. There are two major techniques, that are used to help lift the repression. First is – free association. The analyst listen carefully to what tha patient mentions in connections with any references to the phobia. And second – analyst tries to discover origins of the phobia by analyzing the content of dreams. But more effective relief can be gained through either behavior therapy or medication. In behavior therapy, one meets with a trained therapist and learns to control the physical reactions of fear. The person first imagines the feared object or situation, works up to looking at pictures that show the object or situation, and finally actually experiences the situation or comes in contact with the feared object. the person becomes accustomed to it and can lose the terror, horror, panic, and dread he or she once felt. It is called systematic desensitization. Medications are used to control the panic experienced during a phobic situation as well as the anxiety aroused by anticipation of that situation and are the treatment of first choice for social phobia and agoraphobia. Any phobia that interferes with daily living and creates extreme disability should be treated. With proper treatment, the vast majority of phobia patients can completely overcome their fears and be symptom free for years, if not for life.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (4,72 kB)

. On both sides of the border, cars and trucks are the main sources for nitric acid(about 40% of the total), while power generating plants and industrial commercial and residential fuel combustion together contribute most of the rest. In the air, the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can be transformed into sulphuric acid and nitric acid, and air current can send them thousands of kilometres from the source.When the acids fall to the earth in any form it will have large impact on the growth or the preservation of certain wildlife. NO DEFENCE Areas in Ontario mainly southern regions that are near the Great Lakes, such substances as limestone or other known antacids can neutralize acids entering the body of water thereby protecting it. However, large areas of Ontario that are near the Pre©Cambrian Shield, with quartzite or granite based geology and little top soil, there is not enough buffering capacity to neutralize even small amounts of acid falling on the soil and the lakes. Therefore over time, the basic environment shifts from an alkaline to a acidic one. This is why many lakes in the Muskoka, Haliburton, Algonquin, Parry Sound and Manitoulin districts could lose their fisheries if sulphur emissions are not reduced substantially. ACID The average mean of pH rainfall in Ontario's Muskoka©Haliburton lake country ranges between 3.95 and 4.38 about 40 times more acidic than normal rainfall, while storms in Pennsilvania have rainfall pH at 2.8 it almost has the same rating for vinegar. Already 140 Ontario lakes are completely dead or dying. An additional 48 000 are sensitive and vulnerable to acid rain due to the surrounding concentrated acidic soils.Ô ACID RAIN CONSISTS OF....? Canada does not have as many people, power plants or automobiles as the United States, and yet acid rain there has become so severe that Canadian government officials called it the most pressing environmental issue facing the nation. But it is important to bear in mind that acid rain is only one segment, of the widespread pollution of the atmosphere facing the world. Each year the global atmosphere is on the receiving end of 20 billion tons of carbon dioxide, 130 million tons of suffer dioxide, 97 million tons of hydrocarbons, 53 million tons of nitrogen oxides, more than three million tons of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc and other toxic metals, and a host of synthetic organic compounds ranging from polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) to toxaphene and other pesticides, a number of which may be capable of causing cancer, birth defects, or genetic imbalances. COST OF ACID RAIN Interactions of pollutants can cause problems. In addition to contributing to acid rain, nitrogen oxides can react with hydrocarbons to produce ozone, a major air pollutant responsible in the United States for annual losses of $2 billion to 4.5 billion worth of wheat, corn, soyabeans, and peanuts. A wide range of interactions can occur many unknown with toxic metals. In Canada, Ontario alone has lost the fish in an estimated 4000 lakes and provincial authorities calculate that Ontario stands to lose the fish in 48 500 more lakes within the next twenty years if acid rain continues at the present rate.Ontario is not alone, on Nova Scotia's Eastern most shores, almost every river flowing to the Atlantic Ocean is poisoned with acid. Further threatening a $2 million a year fishing industry. Ô Acid rain is killing more than lakes. It can scar the leaves of hardwood forest, wither ferns and lichens, accelerate the death of coniferous needles, sterilize seeds, and weaken the forests to a state that is vulnerable to disease infestation and decay. In the soil the acid neutralizes chemicals vital for growth, strips others from the soil and carries them to the lakes and literally retards the respiration of the soil. The rate of forest growth in the White Mountains of New Hampshire has declined 18% between 1956 and 1965, time of increasingly intense acidic rainfall. Acid rain no longer falls exclusively on the lakes, forest, and thin soils of the Northeast it now covers half the continent. EFFECTS There is evidence that the rain is destroying the productivity of the once rich soils themselves, like an overdose of chemical fertilizer or a gigantic drenching of vinegar. The damage of such overdosing may not be repairable or reversible. On some croplands, tomatoes grow to only half their full weight, and the leaves of radishes wither. Naturally it rains on cities too, eating away stone monuments and concrete structures, and corroding the pipes which channel the water away to the lakes and the cycle is repeated. Paints and automobile paints have its life reduce due to the pollution in the atmosphere speeding up the corrosion process. In some communities the drinking water is laced with toxic metals freed from metal pipes by the acidity. As if urban skies were not already grey enough, typical visibility has declined from 10 to 4 miles, along the Eastern seaboard, as acid rain turns into smogs. Also, now there are indicators that the components of acid rain are a health risk, linked to human respiratory disease. PREVENTION However, the acidification of water supplies could result in increased concentrations of metals in plumbing such as lead, copper and zinc which could result in adverse health effects. After any period of non©use, water taps at summer cottages or ski chalets they should run the taps for at least 60 seconds to flush any excess debris. Ô STATISTICS Although there is very little data, the evidence indicates that in the last twenty to thirty years the acidity of rain has increased in many parts of the United States. Presently, the United States annually discharges more than 26 million tons of suffer dioxide into the atmosphere. Just three states, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois are responsible for nearly a quarter of this total. Overall, twoªthirds of the suffer dioxide into the atmosphere over the United States comes from coal©fired and oil fired plants. Industrial boilers, smelters, and refineries contribute 26%; commercial institutions and residences 5%; and transportation 3%. The outlook for future emissions of suffer dioxide is not a bright one. Between now and the year 2000, United States utilities are expected to double the amount of coal they burn. The United States currently pumps some 23 million tons of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere in the course of the year. Transportation sources account for 40%; power plants, 30%; industrial sources, 25%; and commercial institutions and residues, 5%. What makes these figures particularly distributing is that nitrogen oxide emissions have tripled in the last thirty years. FINAL THOUGHTS Acid rain is very real and a very threatening problem. Action by one government is not enough. In order for things to be done we need to find a way to work together on this for at least a reduction in the contaminates contributing to acid rain. Although there are right steps in the right directions but the government should be cracking down on factories not using the best filtering systems when incinerating or if the factory is giving off any other dangerous fumes.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (5,54 kB)

Most homes in Britain and the US have a telephone, and many people also have a mobile phone that they carry round with them. As well as being useful to business people, mobiles are now a fashion accessory, especially among younger people. Many people, however, get annoyed with those who use mobile phones in public places, such as on trains or in restaurants. Many families now also have a computer and use it to search the Internet and send e-mails.

Elektronika  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (1 psl., 4,42 kB)

A child has few important days in his life. It`s a day, when he starts to sit, It`s a day, when he makes his first step, and It`s a day, when he says the first word. His first word is very important. The child`s life becomes more interesting. He knows more and more words, and he often says two words: “what`s that”, and ”why”. A child wants to know more about things around him, so these two words are the way to the knowledge. One language cannot give so much news, as few languages. More languages – more keys to open the door to the world.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 3,37 kB)

Šis kalbėjimas buvo pristatytas Atžalyno vidurinėje mokykloje. Gavau 10, tiesa, intonacija ir tarimas nuo jūsų pačių priklauso. Sėkmės. Easter, the Sunday of the Resurrection is the most important religious feast, observed at some point between late March and late April each year, following the cycle of the moon.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (0,83 kB)

Šiame darbe yra aprašomos demokratijos rūšys, demokratijos sąvoka ir panašiai. Darbas gali būti panaudotas anglų kalbos projektui apie demokratiją.

Anglų kalba  Analizės   (2,03 kB)

Unemployment really is one of the economic and social problems. However, stressing of this problem usually leaves people with an impression that it is the most urgent in Lithuania. One could read in an article in one newspaper that this problem is not that urgent as our politicians present it.

Anglų kalba  Analizės   (3,35 kB)

Comparison essay on tax systems in Great Britain, The United States of America and Lithuania.

Anglų kalba  Analizės   (5,76 kB)

KTU socialinių mokslų fakulteto 1 kurso anglų kalbos tiriamasis darbas (gavau 10). "Government does not tax to get the money it needs; government always finds a need for the money it gets." That’s what once said Ronald Reagan about taxes and what it is collected for. Of course, it was a joke, but I may bet there are lots of people, who would agree with that thought. Sometimes they even feel that they are caught in the behemothian jaws of government.

Anglų kalba  Analizės   (4,09 kB)

“Agnes Grey” by Anne Bronte is a strongly autobiographical novel portraying the world of a governess in the mid-nineteen century and examining social manners and the lack of moral perceptions. Drawing on her own experience the author of this book tries to reveal the position of a young, educated girl who sets out into the world to take up the only respectable career open to her – that of governess.

Anglų kalba  Analizės   (3,66 kB)

Media have a tremendous influence on family life. Consider that 99 percent of U.S. homes have a television. Ninety-eight percent have radios, and 69 percent have computers. Just sixty years ago the invention of the television was viewed as a technological curiosity with small black and white ghost-like figures on a screen so hardly anyone could see them. Today that curiosity has become a constant companion to many, mainly – children.

Anglų kalba  Analizės   (6,03 kB)

Erly Life of Columbus. A Western Route to Asia. The Expedition. People all over the world, if they were asked who first found America could answer, “Christopher Columbus” and give the date of the great event: October 12, 1492. Columbus reached one of the Bahama islands, east of America, with his three small ships on that day, after sailing for two months across seas which were mostly unknown.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (4 psl., 7,74 kB)

Education on the whole. Education fees in schools and Universities. Famous high schools of Lithuania. Famous foreign high schools. Education obtainable in Vilnius University. Types of high education. Education and studies in Communication Departament. Education is compulsory in Lithuania. Children start school at age of seven. They can stay at secondary school for 12 years but some of them leave it after tenth form. These pupils usually go to vocational junior colleges (proftechos) and trade schools where they can get both secondary education and qualification.And also they leard a trade.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (3 psl., 5,42 kB)

Autumn is the most melancholy season of the year. When we see the nature languish before the long cold period of winter we somehow feel the same and our mood takes a turn for the worse. Actually I don’t think that the autumn is disliked for that, I think the main reason is that the biggest part of this season people will have to stay at home, because of the bad weather.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (1 psl., 2,56 kB)

Autumn for students is necessarily related with school. To some this relation reminds of time spent the best possible way but to some it is the most horrible thing. I myself don’t long for school so much as I do for my classmates. That is easily explained: we’ve already spent nine years together (that isn’t aimed for all the students).

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (1 psl., 2,73 kB)

The twelve months of the year are divided into four seasons. March, April and May are spring months. March is the month when the ground starts to thaw and the snow melts again. At the end of this month you can see many violets and anemones in the forests with some butterflies and bees on them Spring is my mother's favourite season.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 3,22 kB)

Environment is dying every second. People, cars, factories and a lot more forces cause this. So we should take some action to save our environment. First and the most important step is to become environmental friendly person.

Anglų kalba  Pateiktys   (1 psl., 3,08 kB)

Kalbėjimas tema "Can we really lear to be happy". Turėtų ypač praversti žmonėms, kurie mokosi iš vadovėlio "Matrix. Upper-intermediate", nes tai kalbėjimo tema iš Unit 2.

Anglų kalba  Namų darbai   (1 psl., 3,32 kB)

Kalbėjimas tema "Mass Media" (laikraščiai, televizija, internetas). Ypač turėtų praversti žmonėms, kurie mokosi iš vadovėlio "Matrix. Upper-intermidiate" (Unit 3)

Anglų kalba  Namų darbai   (1 psl., 4 kB)

2008 metų anglų kalbėjimo įskaitos konspektas "Alcohol and teenagers". Pati rašiau, gavau 10. tikiuosi, kam nors pravers.

Anglų kalba  Konspektai   (1 psl., 7,94 kB)